/* * numerical integration example, as discussed in textbook: * * compute pi by approximating the area under the curve f(x) = 4 / (1 + x*x) * between 0 and 1. * * command-line argument specifies number of threads. * simple parallel version. */ package csci3366.sample.numint; import csci3366.sample.utility.Utility; public class NumIntPar1 { /* variables to be used by all threads -- ugly but simple */ private static long numSteps; private static double step; private static double sum = 0.0; private static int numThreads; /* main method */ public static void main(String[] args) { /* process command-line arguments */ String usageMessage = "arguments: number_of_steps number_of_threads"; numSteps = Utility.getLongArg(args, 0, 1, "number_of_steps", usageMessage); numThreads = Utility.getIntegerArg(args, 1, 1, "number_of_threads", usageMessage); step = 1.0/(double) numSteps; /* start timing */ long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); /* create threads */ Thread[] threads = new Thread[numThreads]; for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) { threads[i] = new Thread(new CodeForThread(i)); } /* start them up */ for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) { threads[i].start(); } /* wait for them to finish */ for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) { try { threads[i].join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.err.println("should not happen"); } } /* finish computation */ double pi = sum * step; /* end timing and print result */ long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.printf( "parallel program (v1) results with %d threads and %d steps\n", numThreads, numSteps); System.out.printf("computed pi = %17.15f\n" , pi); System.out.printf( "difference between estimated pi and Math.PI = %17.15f\n", Math.abs(pi - Math.PI)); System.out.printf("time to compute = %g seconds\n", (double) (endTime - startTime) / 1000); } /* static inner class to contain code to run in each thread */ private static class CodeForThread implements Runnable { private int myID; public CodeForThread(int myID_) { myID = myID; } public void run() { double partsum = 0.0; for (int i=myID; i < numSteps; i += numThreads) { double x = (i+0.5)*step; partsum += 4.0/(1.0+x*x); } /* only one thread at a time can do this */ synchronized(getClass()) { sum += partsum; } } } }