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Introduction To UNIX

Introduction To VI

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 UNIX Lab

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Information Representation
ASCII
char  (1 byte)
Binary Numeration System 
Base 2 (0,1)
Counting in Binary
short int (1+ byte)
int - (2+ bytes)
long int (4+ bytes)
Octal Numeration System
Base 8 (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
Hexadecimal Numeration System
Base 16 (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)

Numerical Information Representation
Memory - short int
Sign Magnitude 
One's Complement
Two's Complement
Char - ASCII

No Calculators!
Convert Base 10 to Base 2
Convert Base 2 to Base 10

char, string
int, short int, long int

5 Software Life Cycle
Analyze, Algorithm
Code, Test, Maintain

Decisions
if then
if then else
operators 
>, <, >=, <=, ==, !=

Escape Sequences \n, \a

display stream decimals
cout.setf(ios::fixed)
cout.setf(ios::showpoint)
cout.precision(2)

Compound Decisions
if ( (A == 5) && (B==6))
if ( (A < 5) || (B > 6))
if ( (A < 5) || (B ! = 6))

real division vs integer division
12/5
12./5, 12/5., 12./5.
float(12)/5, 12/float(5)
float(12)/float(5)
(float) 12) /5, 12/ (float) 5
(float) 12 / (float) 5

PostTest  Loop

PreTest  Loop

Bad Code Example

Transform Single Program 
Into Modular Program

Input From File
a.out < Data

AreaCalculation
void ClearScreen(void);
Prototypes

void Commercial(void);
void GetInfo (short int & ShapeNo,
float & Height, float & Base);

Scope Of Variables - Access

void Calculate (short int ShapeNo,
float Height, float Base,
float & Area);

void DisplayInfo (short int ShapeNo,
float Height, float Base);

void Add (int Addend1, int Addend2,
int & Sum);

cout << "Enter Name: ";
 cin.getline(name, 80);

 cout << "Enter Name: ";
 cin.getline(name, 80);

GetInfo (float & Diameter, 
float & Cost, char Name[]);

Random Number Generation
rand()
# include <stdlib.h>
rand() % N
rand()/(INT_MAX + .0001)
0 <=  X < 1
int( rand() /(INT_MAX + .0001)
* NoEvents + Low)

INT_MAX       2147483647

Void Functions
Practice Writing Functions
Revisit Pass By Reference & Valu

# include <fstream.h>
ifstream
          PartFile;
PartFile.open("Part.fil");
char
                     Name[20],
                                FileName[255];
PartFile.open(FileName);
PartFile.fail()
while (! PartFile.eof())
PartFile >> No;
   PartFile.getline(Name,20);
PartFile.close();

Sets Of Related Array Elements
#define MAX 5
int Array[MAX];
int ActNo;

#define MAX_BOWLING  21
int Array[MAX_BOWLING];
int ActNoBowling;

FillArrayFromFile

Declare/Allocate Class Object
private data/methods
public data/methods

Declare/Allocate Class Object
private data/methods
public data/methods

Optional Arguments
Display(char Message[]="")
Constructor(int x=0, y=0)

Constructor Overloads
GetMethod
flushing the Input Streams

Static Array
int Nos[20];

Dynamic Array
int * Nos;
Nos = new int [20];
delete [] Nos;